Financial reform andExpansive Austerity Policies in Selected Countries and the Possibility of Benefiting from Them in Iraq

A Thesis submitted by the student

Marwa Hasan Hadi

To The Council of Administration and Economic College / University of Karbala

As Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For The

Degree of Master of Science in Economics

Supervision

Assistant Professor Dr.Shaymaa Rasheed Muheisen

The problem of the financial deficit is one of the problems that most countries suffer from, which had a significant impact that caused a number of problems, especially in countries that do not have the production capacity and sufficient resources to address this problem. Iraq has suffered from this problem, especially after the imposition of economic sanctions in the nineties of  The twentieth century, and the government was pleased after the regime change in 2003 to try to achieve balance, but it still exists. Therefore, Iraq was and still is one of the countries that seek to develop a number of strategies to try to raise the level of production, increase the volume of savings and investment, reach financial balance and strive to achieve an economic surplus.  Financial reform is one of the basic strategies that the state adopts in order to advance the economic reality of the country, and this reform is carried out through a set of economic policies, and among these policies is the expansionary austerity policy that aims to increase the volume of savings and investments at the expense of consumer spending in order to advance the economic reality and access  To a surplus in the budget, and in order to determine the extent to which financial reform has been achieved through the policy of economic austerity  This study has been prepared in three chapters, the first dealt with the theoretical framework of the expansionary austerity policy and the general budget, the second dealt with the international experiences of (Egypt and Brazil), and the third dealt with the expansionary austerity policy and the extent of its applicability in Iraq.  The most important conclusions are the possibility of benefiting from the experience of both Egypt and Brazil in following the expansionary austerity policy by increasing the volume of investment spending, especially for the industrial and agricultural sectors, especially since Iraq possesses most of the production components of labor and raw materials necessary for that, in addition to focusing on the positive aspects of the expansionary austerity policy.  , and encouraging the private sector for the purpose of reducing the volume of public spending.  For the purpose of achieving the objectives of the study, it was divided into three chapters. The first chapter included two sections, the first of which dealt with the theoretical framework of expansionary austerity policies, while the second touched on the general budget. As for the second chapter of the research, it focused on studying the experiences of some countries in this field.  Egypt and the second topic to the experience of Brazil. As for the third chapter, it included two topics, the first of which touched on the reality of the Iraqi economy and the second the possibility of Iraq benefiting from international experiences.