Measuring and analyzing the role of trade policy in the structure of GDP Experiences of selected countries with special reference to Iraq for the period (2000-2021)

Introduction letter to

To the Council of the College of Administration and Economics

_ University of Karbala

It is part of the requirements for a master’s degree in economic sciences

by the student

Zainab Adnan Abed

Supervised by

Assistant Professor Dr.

Shaymaa Rasheed Mohsen

Abstract

      Trade policy is considered one of the macroeconomic policies that represent an important pillar for building a strong and solid economy. It is the means to organize international exchange and through it the acquisition of modern technology and the opening of wide foreign markets in addition to the provision of hard currencies and then the creation of jobs and the sustainability of economic growth.

    The importance of research comes in the role of trade policies as one of the branches of macroeconomic policies in stimulating the performance of economic activity for the productive and service economic sectors, which reflects this in improving the Iraqi economy. As Iraq suffers from structural imbalances in the productive sectors and their weak contribution to employment and the formation of the gross domestic product. The aim of this research is to develop perceptions of possible solutions to the challenges facing the Iraqi economy, especially the exacerbation of the problem of the imbalance of the productive structure through economic and commercial policies, through the study of selected international experiences and the analysis of the reality and development of trade policy in it and global economic developments, and thus the possibility of developing options or future scenarios that represent a framework A general commercial policy that is consistent with the situation of the Iraqi economy and the direction of the global economy. The method of deduction was used in analyzing the experiences of Malaysia and Turkey by tracking the colleges to reach the particles that caused success in those countries.

It has become clear to us that the Iraqi trade balance after 2003 suffers from a permanent deficit if we exclude oil revenues, and the reason is due to the low value of non-oil exports compared to imports because the productive apparatus is backward, and there is a direct relationship between the degree of freedom of trade and the balance of trade, so the greater the trade freedom, the greater The deficit in the balance due to the increase in the proportion of imports.

The study starts from the hypothesis that the imbalance of the gross domestic product through dependence on the oil sector makes the economy vulnerable to shocks, so it is necessary to use correct trade policies in addressing this imbalance.

Measuring and analyzing the role of trade policy in the structure of GDP Experiences of selected countries with special reference to Iraq for the period (2000-2021)

Introduction letter to

To the Council of the College of Administration and Economics

_ University of Karbala

It is part of the requirements for a master’s degree in economic sciences

by the student

Zainab Adnan Abed

Supervised by

Assistant Professor Dr.

Shaymaa Rasheed Mohsen

Abstract

      Trade policy is considered one of the macroeconomic policies that represent an important pillar for building a strong and solid economy. It is the means to organize international exchange and through it the acquisition of modern technology and the opening of wide foreign markets in addition to the provision of hard currencies and then the creation of jobs and the sustainability of economic growth.

    The importance of research comes in the role of trade policies as one of the branches of macroeconomic policies in stimulating the performance of economic activity for the productive and service economic sectors, which reflects this in improving the Iraqi economy. As Iraq suffers from structural imbalances in the productive sectors and their weak contribution to employment and the formation of the gross domestic product. The aim of this research is to develop perceptions of possible solutions to the challenges facing the Iraqi economy, especially the exacerbation of the problem of the imbalance of the productive structure through economic and commercial policies, through the study of selected international experiences and the analysis of the reality and development of trade policy in it and global economic developments, and thus the possibility of developing options or future scenarios that represent a framework A general commercial policy that is consistent with the situation of the Iraqi economy and the direction of the global economy. The method of deduction was used in analyzing the experiences of Malaysia and Turkey by tracking the colleges to reach the particles that caused success in those countries.

It has become clear to us that the Iraqi trade balance after 2003 suffers from a permanent deficit if we exclude oil revenues, and the reason is due to the low value of non-oil exports compared to imports because the productive apparatus is backward, and there is a direct relationship between the degree of freedom of trade and the balance of trade, so the greater the trade freedom, the greater The deficit in the balance due to the increase in the proportion of imports.

The study starts from the hypothesis that the imbalance of the gross domestic product through dependence on the oil sector makes the economy vulnerable to shocks, so it is necessary to use correct trade policies in addressing this imbalance.