Ph.D. in Economic Sciences

Submitted by

Haider Anter Khalaf Hussein

To the Council of the College of Administration and Economics – University of Karbala

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Economic Sciences

Supervised by

Prof. Dr. Safaa Abdul-Jabbar Al-Moussawi

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Salam Kazem Shani Al-Fatlawi

Abstract;

Fiscal stimulus policies refer to the measures adopted by governments through the use of fiscal and monetary tools, with the aim of stimulating economic activity and promoting economic growth, particularly during periods of crisis. These policies seek to enhance both aggregate demand and aggregate supply, increase employment levels, and support sustainable economic growth. However, their implementation requires a delicate balance to avoid potential adverse effects, such as rising inflation, increased deficits, and public debt. The research adopts both inductive and deductive approaches, in addition to econometric analysis using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model, to analyze the relationship between fiscal stimulus policies and economic growth in the selected sample countries.One of the key findings of the research is that fiscal stimulus policies have a significant impact on stimulating economic growth. The experiences of the selected countries demonstrate that such policies play a major role in boosting aggregate demand and economic growth when employed during periods of recession and crisis. However, the effectiveness of these policies varies among countries, depending on structural differences in their economies, the degree of economic flexibility, and responsiveness to shocks.Among the most important practical conclusions is that international experiences reveal variations in the effectiveness of quantitative easing and fiscal stimulus policies according to the structural characteristics of the economy, its flexibility, and its responsiveness to external and internal shocks. This necessitates the adaptation of policies to fit local economic conditions in order to achieve sustainable economic growth.One of the main recommendations is to design effective fiscal and monetary policies that support economic growth in Iraq, with an emphasis on achieving a balance between the various policies employed to stimulate economic activity and foster growth.