The role of industrial exports in addressing structural imbalances Experiences of selected countries, with reference to Iraq
A thesis submitted by the student
Hossam Ayed Safok Hamza
To the Council of the College of Administration and Economics / University of Karbala, which is part of the requirements for obtaining a master’s degree in economic sciences
Under the supervision of
Dr. Prof. Tawfeeq Abbas Abd oun Al-Masoudi
Abstract
The research aims to study and analyze the structural imbalances that characterized the sample countries, including Iraq, from the commodity imbalance, the financial and monetary imbalance, and the external imbalance, causing the deterioration of economic growth rates in the gross domestic product and the deficit of public and trade balances, and the resulting economic problems represented by external indebtedness, unemployment, and inflation, as well as the contributions of The productive sectors in the indicators of output and employment, given that these sectors are among the most important elements of the economic structure of any country, and the study of the industrial sector in terms of its activities and sizes and the diagnosis of imbalance in it in order to identify ways to raise the percentages of the contributions of the industrial sector, which is the leading sector with its front and back entanglements that lead the country to bring about a real change in the economic structure of any country, as the study adopted the reality of the Iraqi economy, despite its possession of great potential, but it was and still suffers, like many developing countries, from various structural imbalances due to wrong economic policies, in addition to the continuous wars that expose This led to the waste of its resources and the faltering of its development, which resulted in a number of problems represented by the imbalance in its productive structure, the deficit of its public and commercial balances, the exacerbation of indebtedness, the high rate of unemployment and poverty, the high rates of inflation and the low value of local money in it. After 2003, the political system changed and Iraq resorted to several Strategies and development plans in order to develop solutions to hunger, disease, poverty and lack of education, but these strategies and plans have always and continuously collided with many political, economic and social obstacles, which made them move slowly towards achieving their desired goals aimed at the advancement of man, so it is not possible to find solutions to the dilemma of structural imbalance Unless there are economic policies that contribute to changing the economic reality in Iraq, then a rational economic philosophical vision must be developed that combines the necessities of the existence of the state’s action and its role in recovering economic conditions, and between launching the spirit of free initiative, and through investment development plans to allocate part of the revenues Oil for investment projects, paying attention to the real productive sectors, saving them from a state of collapse and developing the industrial sector in general and the manufacturing industry in particular to take advantage of oil and natural gas derivatives in manufacturing operations, and thus the process of productive diversification is achieved with a focus on diversifying industrial exports through the manufacturing-for-export strategy.
