GRREN ECONOMY IN THE NEW PATH OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN  THE ECONOMIES (CHINA,BRAZIL AND IRAQ)

A THESIS SUBMITTED

BY

IBRAHEEM GATAA ALAWO

BOARD OF THE COLEGE OF MANAGEMENT AND ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY OF KARBALA

IT IS PART OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE  PH.D DEGREE OF IN ECONOMICS SCINCESUPERVISION

SUPERVISION

          Pro. Dr. HAMID  O. ABD Prof. Dr. HASHIM  M. ALI

There is growing recognition among policy-makers and private sector decision-makers that the current model of economic growth is socially, environmentally, and economically unsustainable.                                

This has sparked a renewed focus on the need for the international community to make a committed transition towards a “green” economy in order to ensure a sustainable and desirable future that promotes social equity, poverty eradication, and human well-being .                              

This focus has been complemented by the increasing appreciation of biodiversity and ecosystem services and the economic value of nature including its intrinsic value.                                                                  

These two threads are closely interrelated as healthy and resilient ecosystems are necessary for long-term socio-economic development and efforts to build a green economy should be based on a sound  appreciation of the value and role of nature in this transition.               

the role of nature in the transition towards a green economy in the context of sustainable development and poverty eradication.                             

Green economy is a concept in the stage of formation. The focusing in its implementation in different countries depends on the type and stage of economic development of the given country, the acuteness of the various ecological problems, the dominating values, existing regulations as well as awareness of the experience and outcomes of green economy in other countries. E.g., some countries can emphasise the reorganisation of traditional industries with high environmental impact into more modern and nature-friendly, others can introduce new activities in agriculture , yet others can transfer their energy production, transport and other infrastructure utilities to new more economical and environmentally less harmful technologies, The efforts for the implementation of green economy may concern only the economy producing for and servicing the domestic consumer, but the development of export could also be seen as significant (“green export”). Dependent on how radical and extensive the goals are, the promotion of green economy can concentrate on certain economic niches, which allow to expect greater economic, ecological or social impact; on the other hand there could be a policy attempting to achieve success by implementing ecological technologies on a broad front, i.e. in a number of sectors of the manufacturing and servicing economy.                                                                                                

The most ambitious option would be the preparation for an ecologically motivated transition (breakthrough), which would set the entire economy and way of life on a different path, one of responsible consumption of environmental resources.                                                                         Was divided this study into three chapters, as Chapter I, which came the title (the green economy and sustainable development, the theoretical framework and the entrance conceptual) three sections, the first section includes the theoretical framework of the green economy while includes a second topic of sustainable development and the environment (Principle and concept), while Section third Fajts study links the task of the green economy and sustainable development. The second chapter titled sectors and important mechanisms in the green economy and its relationship to the digital economy to achieve sustainable development has been divided into three sections, cared first topic sectors task in the green economy either second topic was titled the important mechanisms in the green economy either third section came in the title of the digital economy and its relationship to the green economy to achieve sustainable development the third chapter titled experiences of countries that have implemented  the green economy and the possibilities of success has also came in three sections cared first topic to study China’s economy either second topic was interested in studying the state of the second sample which Brazil It also came third section under the title of a futuristic vision about the possibility of the application of the green economy in Iraq in order to achieve sustainable development.