A thesis submitted to the Council of the College of Administration and Economics – Karbala University as part of the requirements for obtaining a Master’s degree in Economic Sciences.
By the student
Abbas Ali Abdul Hussein Abu Al-Arab
Supervisor By
Prof. Dr. Munadil Abbas Hussein Al-Jawari
Alternative energy sources are vital components in achieving sustainable development and promoting the transition toward a green economy, which aims to mitigate the negative impacts of economic activities on various environmental aspects, In light of the significant challenges facing global economies today, such as climate change and the depletion of natural resources, there is an urgent need to shift from reliance on fossil fuels to renewable energy sources, such as solar energy, wind energy, and biomass, These transformations are essential not only for addressing environmental issues like climate change and air pollution but also for enhancing economic and social security, The significance of this research lies in elucidating the role and importance of alternative and renewable energy as a tool for the transition to a green economy, It examines the successful experiences of certain countries, including the United Arab Emirates, Brazil, the United States, and Iraq, which have managed to achieve a transition to a green economy through the use of alternative energy sources, The research analyzes the factors that contributed to their success and aims to measure and analyze the role of alternative energy sources in promoting the transition to a green economy by examining the experiences of the selected countries, identifying the key factors that contributed to these successes, and exploring how Iraq can benefit from international experiences in the field of alternative energy, Furthermore, it identifies the opportunities and challenges facing the country in its transition toward a green economy using renewable energy sources. The research also provides practical recommendations for decision-makers in Iraq to develop effective policies and strategies to enhance the use of alternative energy sources, thereby contributing to achieving the goals of a green economy and improving the environmental and economic conditions in the country, The research is based on the hypothesis that there is a positive relationship between increased use of alternative energy sources and the transition to a green economy, whereby reliance on renewable energy leads to reduced carbon emissions and improved environmental quality. Additionally, supportive government policies for alternative energy, such as financial incentives and environmental regulations, play a crucial role in facilitating the transition to a green economy in the selected countries, which can also be applied in Iraq. The research employs a, The research conducted in the UAE and Brazil indicates that alternative energy is positively and directly correlated with the green economy. This means that an increase in alternative energy consumption by one unit is likely to lead to a growth in the green economy (holding other factors constant). In contrast, the estimation using ARDL in the United States revealed that carbon dioxide emissions (Eco2) are inversely related to renewable energy consumption. This finding aligns with economic theory, as the marginal parameter value was found to be -0.11, suggesting that a 1% increase in alternative energy consumption is likely to result in a decrease in Eco2 emissions by 11% (holding other factors constant).
