The effectiveness of the tax system in achieving financial sustainability– Experiences of selected countries, with special reference to Iraq

A Thesis Submitted By
To the Council of the College of Administration and Economics – University of Karbala, which is part of the requirements for obtaining a master’s degree in economic sciences

Student progress
Akram Hamed Douhi Al-Janabi

Supervised by
Dr. Muhammad Hussein Kazak Al-Jubouri

Abstract

      The effectiveness of the tax system of any country is affected by political stability, which is linked to the security situation, the amount of resources it possesses, and how any country exploits them. The degree of progress of tax systems is linked to the degree of development and advancement of economic thought in countries, which is represented by the set of tax tools, their diversity, modernity, and effectiveness in providing financial sustainability. The problem of the lack of revenues and the inability to achieve financial sustainability and the possibility of maintaining it without resorting to rescheduling the public debt to address the deficit are among the problems that appeared clearly and significantly globally in the last decade of the last century and had the impact of causing a number of problems for a number of countries, especially non-governmental countries. Capable of providing the necessary revenues to cover expenses without compromising the future of future generations. Many countries have suffered in this area, especially Iraq among these countries, as a result of the sanctions, crises, and events it has experienced. It is also considered one of the problems affecting the various economic, social, political, and security systems of the state. Because the lack of financial sustainability weakens or reduces economic, security and political stability, therefore most countries, including Iraq, were and still are among the countries that seek to develop a number of strategies to try to meet expenses and achieve financial sustainability in order to become less vulnerable to financial crises, especially sudden crises, and confront them with minimal losses.